Ältere Raleigh Fahrräder
Bitte keine Fragen per Email oder per Telefon zu alten Raleigh Fahrrädern. Alle Informationenm die wir besitzen stammen von Sheldon Brown und siend hier oder auf der Seite Altersbestimmung von Raleigh Fahrrädern hinterlegt.
For many years, in many parts of the world, the Raleigh "Sports" three-speed bicycle was considered the ultimate in human-powered transportation. These bicycles were not toys, and, despite the model name, they were not sporting equipment...they were serious vehicles. The men and women who built them, by and large, also rode them, as their primary means of transportation.
Most modern bicycles are designed with the primary intent to catch your eye on the sales floor, and persuade you to buy. That is not what a Raleigh Sports was about...these were designed to provide solid, dependable transportation for the British public, at a time when only the upper classes had motorcars. These bikes were built to last 100 years, with reasonable care.
- Komplett aus Stahl
Contemporary bicycles have many parts made of aluminum (or "aluminium," if you prefer) for lightness, strength and corrosion resistance. Contemporary bicycles that have steel rims, or cranks, or handlebars, or brakes do so as a way of cutting corners and saving a little bit of money, for a low-end bicycle. Modern steel rims, cranks, etc are of low quality, because they are aimed at the cheapest possible price point.
From the mid 19th century, well into the 20th, the word "steel" was magic in Britain. Britain's rise to an industrial superpower on the crest of the Industrial Revolution was based, as much as anything else, on the steel industry and the new technologies it made possible: steel ships, steel bridges, steel buildings...and steel bicycles. Raleigh originally introduced the slogan "The All Steel Bicycle" to differentiate Raleighs from competitors who used cast iron for some critical parts, a heavier and cruder technology.
The mystique of steel caused the British cycle industry to be slow to adopt newfangled materials such as aluminum, and many British cyclists believed, even well into the 1960's, that steel rims, for instance, were superior to aluminum ones. These days, this seems laughable...but if you look at an older Dunlop steel rim, you'll find a very respectable, well-made product.
The fact that Raleigh 3-speeds are made of steel shouldn't fool you into thinking that these bikes were cheap or inferior in any way...they were not...they were the finest utility bicycles money could buy.
Raleigh 3-speed bicycles were introduced around the turn of the century, and kept improving in technology over the years, reaching a peak in quality probably in the mid-to-late 1950s. They continued to be built in Nottingham until the mid-1970's, when the glamour of the 10-speed fad pushed them out of favor with the rising baby boom generation.
- Die Raleigh Fabrik
When a modern company sets out to build a bicycle, what they really build is the frame (if that.) They buy sets of tubing from a tubing company, cut and weld them together into a frame, paint it and install parts which they buy different specialized parts companies. Actually, many well-known brands don't even do that; they order bicycle frames to be built to their specifications, with their name painted on, and equipped with parts from a variety of vendors. These companies are actually trading companies, even though their image is that of a manufacturer.
Raleigh, in its glory years (up into the 1960's) was the absolute opposite. In their enormous Nottingham factory covered 40 acres and employed nearly 7000 workers. A Raleigh bicycle of this era would have a Raleigh frame, made of Raleigh Tubing conected with Raleigh lugs, with a Raleigh bottom bracket, Raleigh cranks, Raleigh pedals, Raleigh headset, Raleigh handlebars, Raleigh stem, Raleigh seatpost, Raleigh hubs (Sturmey-Archer was a Raleigh subsidiary) and even Raleigh spokes. All of these parts would have been made in the same factory.
The saddles would be from Brooks, another Raleigh division, and the rims and tyres would be from Dunlop, a company closely related to Raleigh.
This level of integration has never been surpassed in the bicycle industry, though Schwinn came close in the same era.
Altersbestimmung eines Raleigh Drei-Gang-Fahrrads
If your bicycle has a Sturmey-Archer hub (c1903-1990s), it should have on the hub a date of manufacture, which would normally also be the cycle's date of manufacture. In the 1930s, they only used a single digit, i.e. "6" for "1936." After that, they started using two-digit date stamps.
If you are not sure the rear wheel on your bike is original, the charts below should help you determine the approximate date of manufacture.
It may also be possible to date your frame by its serial number. Note that the serial number information below is fragmentary and incomplete, and many bikes have proven to be much newer than the serial numbers would suggest.
Bitte keine Fragen per Email oder per Telefon zu alten Raleigh Fahrrädern. ALle Informationenm die wir besitzen stammen von Sheldon Brown und siend hier oder auf der Seite Altersbestimmung von Raleigh Fahrrädern hinterlegt.
Änderung der Ausstattung über die Jahrzehnte
(Work in Progress) The tables below are being compiled by examining bicycles that come in for service, and appear to be in original condition. It is possible that some of the equipment listed is anachronistic, but I believe this information is good.
In general, the quality reached its peak in the 1950s, and quality started to go down around the early 1960's, as management kept searching for ways to make the bicycles cheaper.
This table is focussed on the mainline Raleigh/Rudge/Humber "Sports" model. The luxury "Superbe" models were very similar, except for the saddles, the use of a locking front fork, and the inclusion of a Dynohub lighting system. (The Dynohub was also available as an extra-cost option on the Sports.)
Lower end models, such as Dunelt, Phillips, Robin Hood, Triumph etc. usually shared similar technology, though these models tended to have mattress saddles, Endrick rims, no chainguard braze-ons, fender stays bolted (not welded) to the fenders, and anchor-bolt type brake cables.
Year Brakes Chainguard
Braze-ons Fork
ends Pedals Pulley Saddle Spoking Tyres
1945? Rudge-Whitworth Raleigh soldered Chaincase Raleigh Nottingham Clamp-on steel B73-large cutouts 32/40 This was definitely a war-time bike. The handlebar, cranks, brake levers, fork crown and cable hardware were painted black, not chrome plated (chromium was a strategic material, not available for civilian use.) Stem and brake calipers were chromed. This bicycle has Endrick rims. The lamp bracket attaches to the handlebar binder bolt, rather than to the headset. Threaded oiler on bottom bracket shell. 1949 Ladys Sports Raleigh soldered Smooth black housing Chaincase Squashed & slotted Raleigh Nottingham Clamp-on steel B66 32/40 Old logo Down tube "The All Steel Bicycle" (small); Seat tube" "Raleigh"; Dull-center rims; BB oiler left side, spring/ball cap. 1949 Raleigh soldered Smooth black housing Chaincase Forged Raleigh Nottingham Clamp-on steel B66 w/long holes. 32/40 Dunlop Sports Tyres Seat tube, vertical: RALEIGH The All-Steel Bicycle. Top tube: Made in England (italic script) Down Tube: no markings. Dull-center rims; BB oiler left side, spring/ball cap. Lamp bracket on stem binder bolt. Dynohub w/black nuts, black cable clips. Black hex-head fender bolts. Black painted aluminium pump. Closed-top steel seatpost. 1952 Raleigh soldered Chaincase Forged Raleigh Nottingham Brazed-on Brooks B66 32/40 Dunlop Sports Old logo Although this bike is a sports model, it certainly seems deluxe with the B66 saddle, gearcase, Dynohub with front and rear lights, AND a Raleigh Industries kickstand! 1952 Ladys Sports Raleigh soldered Smooth black housing Chaincase Forged Raleigh Nottingham Clamp-on steel 32/40 Dull-center rims; BB oiler left side, spring/ball cap; Grey rubber "bullet" grips. 1953 Raleigh soldered Smooth grey housing Chaincase Forged Raleigh Nottingham Brazed-on B66 32/40 Dull-center rims; BB oiler left side, spring/ball cap; Alloy AW hub; Red pinstripes on fenders 1954 Raleigh soldered Chaincase brazeon Forged Raleigh Nottingham Brazed-on 32/40 Dull-center rims. Head lugs in simple curve. 1956 Raleigh soldered Chaincase braze-on Forged Raleigh Nottingham Brazed-on 32/40 Dull-center rims; BB oiler right side, metal flip top. 1957 Raleigh soldered Ribbed white housing Chaincase braze-on Forged Brazed-on Brooks B66 32/40 Sturmey Archer SW hub with date "57 2" and metal oiler, bottom bracket [metal] oiler right side, Brooks B66 saddle, front Dynohub 1960 Raleigh soldered Chaincase braze-on Forged Raleigh Nottingham Metal clamp-on Brooks B66 32/40 Plastic bullet grips. Front hub oiler spring/ball type.
1961 Raleigh soldered Chaincase braze-on Forged Raleigh Nottingham Metal clamp-on Brooks B72 32/40 Re-buildable block pedals, don't say "Raleigh." 1962 Raleigh soldered White ribbed cables Forged Plastic one-piece clamp 32/40 Old logo Large "RALEIGH" on down tube; "SPORTS" on seat tube in red, outlined with white. 1963 Raleigh soldered White ribbed cables None Stamped Raleigh Nottingham Plastic one-piece clamp 32/40 Red bike with white fenders & chainguard. 1965 Raleigh soldered None Stamped Raleigh Nottingham Plastic Brooks B72 32/40 Shiny rims; old style decals on down tube. Raleigh bolted 2 Stamped Oval, no balls Plastic Brooks B72 32/40 Dunlop Nylon Sprite Gumwall Airseal tubes No pump pegs; Sturmey-Archer Raleigh pattern rims. 1968 Lady's sports, Green Raleigh bolted Tabs for hockey stick Stamped Raleigh Nottingham original? Plastic Brooks B72 32/40 "Sports" on down tube, new "Raleigh" on chainguard. Cotter nuts have red "R". No bottom bracket oiler. 1969 Raleigh bolted None Stamped Oval, no balls Plastic Brooks B72 32/40 Dunlop Nylon Sprite Gumwall Airseal tubes Old-style type on down tube, new-style on chainguard. Front axle nuts and cotter nuts have red "R". No bottom bracket oiler. 1970 Lady's Rudge Raleigh bolted Ribbed black housing 2 Stamped Raleigh logo not serviceable with reflectors Plastic 32/40 Dunlop Nylon Sprite 2 white lines Small logo on down tube; gold tape on seat tube. Shiny rims; Rear fender has 4 stays; red "R" nuts on cotters. 1973 Raleigh Self Adjusting Stamped Raleigh logo not serviceable 36 Later, modern looking decals. 1976 Hex head centerbolt Chainguard tabs Rear brake stops Stamped Raleigh logo not serviceable Clamped on lower seat tube Brooks mattress Raleigh gumwall 1980 Lady's (Canada) Weinmann Alloy 1 on down tube Stamped Raleigh logo not serviceable Clamped on lower seat tube Brooks B-72 (original?) 36 Raleigh "Red Dot" Gum Korea Coffee color w/bronze head tube, bronze panel on seat tube. Chainguard encircles chainring, bolted to tapped hole under bottom bracket. Frame features "Pletscher"-type plate bridges, but otherwise is a dead ringer for Nottingham production, including 2030 label. 25.8 mm seatpost. Slotted cable stops for rear brake. No white panel on rear fender. Red "R" front axle nuts & seatpost bolt, but not on the cotters. CPSC front reflector mount instead of lamp bracket.
Zeitachse über Raleight Drei-Gang-Fahrräder
1945 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 Brakes Raleigh steel, with soldered cables Raleigh steel, with anchor bolts Self Adusting Hex head centerbolt. Chainguard Full Chaincase "Hockey stick" chainguard, but frames still have chaincase braze-ons. "Hockey stick" no braze-ons. "Hockey stick" chainguard, with braze-ons tabs on down tube and seat tube. Fork ends Squashed & slotted Forged, 3-dimensional design to fit round hole in fork blade. Stamped, to fit domed/slotted fork blade. Pedals Raligh-made rubber block pedals, completely rebuildable, with replaceable treads. Oval, no ball bearings Non-serviceable (Union?) with Raleigh logo, reflectors. Pulley Metal clamp-on Metal brazed on (gent's models) Metal clamp-on (lady's models) Metal clamp-on Plastic clamp-on Rear Hub Sturmey-Archer AW (optional TCW Tri-coaster brake) Sturmey-Archer SW Sturmey-Archer AW (optional TCW or S3C Tri-coaster brake) Spoking 32 front, 40 rear 36 spokes front and rear
Sturmey-Archer
Year Axle Nuts right Axle Washers Fulcrum sleeve Lubricator Trigger
1945? 1-piece black rectangular window 3-dimensional no plug black 1949 1-piece Metal Metal No window 3 or 4 speed 1952 1-piece Forged knurled Metal Metal Window 3 or 4 speed 1957 SW 1-piece Forged knurled Metal Metal 1960 1-piece Forged knurled Metal Plastic No window No plastic 1961 1-piece Forged knurled Plastic No window No plastic 1963 2-piece Metal Plastic Pressed-in LH ball cup. 1965 1-piece Plastic Plastic No window No plastic 1968 2-piece Plastic Plastic Transparent plastic 1969 2-piece Plastic Plastic No window No plastic 1970 2-piece Stamped Metal Plastic 1973 Plastic Transparent plastic cover 1976 Black plastic cover, body and trigger 1980 2-piece White plastic Black plastic plastic cover, body and trigger
Bauteile
Bremsen
Old-style brake
Older Raleigh-made brakes used special cables with moulded ends on both ends of the cables, as shown. These cables are no longer available.
They were supplied in different configurations for front, gent's rear and lady's rear applications. The cable came with the adjusting barrel. To replace the cable assembly, you would unbolt the adjusting barrel from the caliper.
These cables can often be revived by dripping oil into them and working them back and forth.
Later Raleigh-made brakes used standard cables with conventional anchor bolts.
Chainguard Braze-ons
Older models had a braze-on with a tapped hole on the right chain stay, behind the chainwheel, to secure a full chaincase. For the U.S. market, the chaincase was not fitted after (1953?) to reduce weight, but the braze-on was continued until (?) even though the bikes came with a "hockey-stick" chainguard.
Some later models had simple braze-ons on the seat tube and down tube to secure a "hockey-stick" chainguard.
Ausfallenden
Older models had forged front fork ends, which are 3-dimensional, and are round where they fit into the end of the fork blade. These fork ends are countersunk on the outer surface, to accommodate the old-style axle nuts which had a shoulder that fit through the washer. The shoulder provided secondary wheel retention.
Later models had flat, stamped fork ends, fitted into domed and slotted fork blades.
Pedale
Older models had rubber block pedals made in the Raleigh factory in Nottingham. Raleigh was the last bicycle maker to make its own pedals. They were very high quality, and were completely rebuildable. Raleigh used to even offer replacement rubber blocks. They came in two lengths, the longer size coming on gents' bicycles, the shorter on ladys' models.
In the late 1960s, as a cost-cutting move, Raleigh fitted horrible cheap pedals that had no ball bearings. The version used on 3-speeds had an oval rubber platform. Later models had pedals made by other companies, notably Union. Although these often featured the Raleigh logo, they were not the same quality as the Nottingham models.
Spannrolle
Older gent's models had a brazed-on fitting for a pulley, for the shift cable, on the underside of the seat lug.
Later models had clamp-on pulleys, either metal or plastic, mounted on the seat tube.
Older clamp-on pulleys used a two-piece clamp made of rigid steel. The two halves of the clamp hooked together opposite the clamp bolt. Pulleys (and triggers and fulcrum clamps of this era used special shoulder nuts which had a sleeve that fitted into on end of the clamp, and had a "D" shaped head to prevent the nut from turning as the screw was tightened.
Later pulleys were plastic, and the clamp was a flexible steel band. These generally used a rectangular nut stamped out of sheet steel, a much less elegant (but certainly cheaper) nut.
Latest models did not use pulleys, but ran housing all the way to the right chain stay.
Sättel
Top line Raleighs generally came with Brooks leather saddles. The standard Sports models came with the B-72. Early Sports models, and the deluxe Superbe models, came with the B-66, which is similar, but has two large coil springs at the rear.
Later models came with mattress saddles.
Speichen
Older British bicycles in general used 32 spokes on the front wheel, 40 on the rear. The front would be laced cross 3, the rear, cross 4. This generally permitted the same length spokes to be used on both wheels.
Later bicycles adopted the international standard 36/36 spoking, which made the front wheels heavier than necessary, and the rear wheels less strong than previously.
Bereifung
Raleigh used Dunlop tyres exclusively until [sometime in the late '60s]. Older models came with all-black tyres with a block tread. Later upper-end models (including the Sports) came with the Dunlop Sprite gum-wall, or, later, with the Nylon White Sprite, a blackwall with double white stripes running along the sidewall. Until the mid-60s, tyres used cotton canvas fabric. These tires were easily damaged by rim cuts if ridden underinflated. If the rubber became damaged so that moisture could get at the cotton carcass, the cotton would rot and the tyre would fail.
In [sometime in the mid '60s] Dunlop switched to using Nylon cord instead of the cotton, and the tires became very much more reliable.
Raleigh was by far Dunlop's largest market for bicycle tyres and tubes. In [sometime in the mid '60s] Raleigh and Dunlop got in a disagreement about pricing for the new model year. Each company thought it was indespensible to the other. Dunlop called Raleigh's bluff, and said, in effect, "We don't really need the bicycle tyre business anymore, there's lots more money in car and motorcycle tyres. If you won't pay the prices we ask, we'll just get out of the cycle tyre business." ...and they did!
This caused a crisis in cycling circles, because Dunlop tyres were, at the time, the absolute pre-eminent brand, and none of their competitors was able to make a product that was nearly as good. Cyclists got very good at installing "boots" to prolong the life of their damaged Dunlops, since even a damaged Dunlop was better than anything else you could buy.
This situation continued for several years, until the Japanese learned to make tyres that were even better than the old Dunlops.
Tubes
Raleighs of the 50's and 60's came with Dunlop Airseal tubes, a premium grade inner tube with a fully-threaded valve stem and a knurled valve-retaining nut. The original valve caps were metal, and included a two prong valve wrench on the exposed end.
The valve caps often had a short length of rubber tubing covering the valve wrench. This was to protect the inner tube from being punctured by the cap while it was rolled up, before it was installed on a bicycle.
Muttern an der Hinterachse
Sturmey-Archer right-side axle nuts have a long, cylindrical projection, with a curved lip for the indicator chain. The cylindrical part had two viewing holes to facilitate visual checking of the cable adjustment. Some time in the 1960's, they changed to a two-piece system, with a plain hex nut (the same as on the left side) and a separate cylindrical nut, knurled on the outer end. Sometime in the 1970's, they went back to the one-piece design.
Hubs with 2-piece indicator spindles, such as the AM, AC, ASC, FC, FM, FW and SW used a one-piece right nut, but without the viewing holes. These hubs used a special left nut that resembled the conventional right nut, but which lacked the rounded interior lip for the chain. These nuts were designed to protect the left end of the two-piece indicator spindle, and to allow visual adjustment by observing the position of the left end of the spindle against the end of the axle. A common cause of malfunction of these hubs is that people get the left and right nuts reversed, so the indicator chain hangs up on the sharp edge of the nut that belongs on the left.
Muttern an der Vorderachse
Older Raleighs, those with forged front drop outs, used a special axle nut with a narrow rounded section toward the hub. This rounded section fit through the axle washer, and into a recess of the forged drop out, to provide positive front wheel retention.
Later Raleighs used conventional nuts, and provided a shoulder on the outer face of the cone for wheel retention. The stamped dropouts had a keyhole shaped axle opening, and the shoulder on the cone fit into the round part of the opening. Some years used plain hex nuts with separate flat washers, other years used track nuts, domed and decorated with a red "R" on the end.
Unterlegschieben der Hinterachse
Older Sturmey-Archer hubs used beautifully made forged serrated washers between the axle nut and the fork end. These older washers are easily identified by the knurled edges. These were used in conjunction with separate, stamped anti-rotation washers, which should go on the inside of the fork end.
Intermediate models used cheaper, stamped serrated washers.
Later (and current) models use rather nice forged combination serrated/anti-rotation washers.
Krafen des Zuganschlags (Fulcrum Sleeve)
Sturmey-Archer's term for the clamp-on cable housing stop usually mounted on the top tube was "fulcrum." The fulcrum clamp held a separate sleeve which served as the socket for the cable. This was a sort of ferrule, with a flange on one end to keep it from sliding through the fulcrum clamp. It was slotted to facilitate cable installation, and had a flat side which rested against the frame tube. Earlier fulcrum sleeves were metal, later versions are plastic. This was one of the first Sturmey-Archer parts where plastic replaced metal.
The metal ones last forever, but the plastic ones are easily crushed and ruined.
Schmiervorrichtung
Until fairly recently, all Sturmey-Archer hubs were designed for oil lubrication. An oil cap, or, in Sturmey-Archer terminology, a "lubricator" was set into the hub shell. The actual cap assembly screwed into a threaded hole in the shell.
Earlier versions uses a hinged metal cap, but this was replaced in the late '50s or '60s by a plastic cap with a captive plug. This was one case where the plastic part was an improvement over the metal one, because they made a better seal, preventing the oil from dripping out.
Tip: Installing a plastic lubricator into a hub can be quite tricky if you don't have the special tool. The special tool is a dull pencil, poked into the open lubricator. This will let you turn the lubricator to get it started into the threads.
Schalthebel
There have been several different shift controls over the years:
The oldest design is the quadrant shifter, a very simple top-tube mounted lever with a spring-loaded pin that fitted into different holes along its side, according to the gear selected. Moving the lever to the right pulled the pin out of the hole, and allowed the lever to move. These are mostly seen on bikes from the '30s and earlier.
The basic trigger. These triggers had a metal band running in each direction around the handlebar, connected by a short screw and special nut below the handlebar.
The window-type trigger had a small round hole in the top plate, through which, depending on the gear selected, you could read the letters: "H" (High) "N" (Normal) "L" (Low) and "B" (Base) The more common variety is marked "3 or 4" speed.
Later basic trigger, in 3-speed or 4-speed versions. These, and later models, had the handlebar clamp running only from the upper surface of the trigger, around the handlebar. The screw that secured it to the handlebar ran through the body of the trigger.
No window trigger with clear plastic cover.
No window trigger with opaque cover and plastic tip on the lever.
An alternate option in the '60s was a twist-grip shifter (though I've never seen one of these on a Raleigh Sports.) These worked very poorly.
During the wheelie bike craze in the 1960s, very large top-tube shifters were made, designed to look like the gear shift of a sports car.
Farben
There are three common colors for older Raleighs:
Black.
"Bronze Green" a dark metallic green.
"Coffee" a dark metallic brown.
Siehe auch
Quelle
Dieser Artikel basiert auf dem Artikel Older Raleigh Bicycles von der Website Sheldon Browns. Originalautor des Artikels ist Sheldon Brown.
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